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Database backup
In information technology, backup is the process of copying and archiving the computer data so that one can use it to restore the original after an event of data loss occurs (Mullins, 2012). There are two distinct purposes of backups. One is to recover the data after its loss maybe because of data deletion or corruption. The data loss may be a common experience of the computer users. The second purpose of the backup is to recover the data from the earlier time according to the user-defined data retention policy. There are two divisions of the backups that include the logical and the physical backups (Dafoulas & Ward 2011). The logical backups usually contain the logical data from the database with the Oracle export utility. It is stored in a binary file so as to help in later re-importing to a database using the corresponding Oracle import utility. On the other hand, the physical backup refers to the backup of the physical files that is used for storing and also recovering databases such as the control files and the data files. It is a copy of the files storing database information to another location whether it is on offline storage or a disk.

The database backup tends to form a duplicate of the data when the backup is complete. With a backup, it is easy for an individual to recreate the whole database from the backup in just one step that involves restoring the database. During restoring, it is a process that involves overwriting the existing database or it may create a database in case it does not exist (Dafoulas & Ward 2011). During backup, it is a process that tends to use a lot of storage space for every backup, and it also requires more time so as to completely backup all the operations.

With the Oracle backup, the types of backups include the logical backup, cold backup, and the hot backups. The hot backup is a backup of the data while it is running. Oracle tends to have RMAN which usually ensures the success in the hot backup. A cold backup is a backup that involves the offline physical backup, which is a process that happens when the database is not operating. It is a type of backup that accommodates all of the essential data files and other database components (Snedaker, 2014). On the other side, the logical backup is that backup of the tablespace, schemas, and whole database. Since an organization has a large amount of data, it is essential for the database administrators to use the automatic backup utilities that are available in a database such as ORACLE.

Any of the backup strategies used tends to start with the data repository. The backup data should be stored and organized to a degree. Other types of data backups include the full backup, differential backup, incremental backup, and mirror backup. The differential backup is the backup that includes all the files that changed since the last full backup. The incremental backup is the backup including files that changed in the last backup process (Snedaker, 2014). The full backup refers to the initial process of the backup that includes all the files and folders. Mirror backup is the backup of all files of the data that changed since the last full backup.

Disaster planning
Disaster planning is important as it helps in ensuring the continuation of the business processes if a disaster happens. Disaster is a term that is relative since disasters tend to occur in varying degrees. Disaster planning is essential as it offers an effective solution to use in recovering all the vital business processes (Whitman et al. 2013). The disaster recovery plan tends to offer the procedures for handling emergency situations. In disaster planning, the plan must offer information for the proactive handling of the crisis and must include detailed procedures for communication, executives, investor relations, human resources, and technology management. The plan must also document the procedures, responsibilities, and the checklist to use in managing and controlling the situation following the crisis.

Disaster planning tends to offer a state of readiness that allows prompt personnel response after a disaster occurs. It tends to provide a more efficient and effective recovery process. A disaster recovery plan must be able to accomplish several objectives. These objectives include managing the recovery operation in an effective and organized manner, recovering information and data imperative to the operation of critical applications (Mullins, 2012). It should also assess the damage, repair damage, and activate the impaired computer center. Every business tends to have the responsibility of responding to short or long term disruption of the services. Developing, documenting, implementing and testing the disaster recovery plan enable the business to restore the availability of the critical applications in an organized and timely manner after the occurrence of a disaster.

The advantages of disaster planning are that it results in improved technology. An organization requires improving IT systems so as to support the recovery objectives that you develop in disaster planning. The attention that one pays to recoverability leads to making the IT systems more consistent with each other. Disaster planning also results to improved business process. Since the business processes tend to undergo analysis and scrutiny, the administrators may not help but find areas that need improvement (Whitman et al. 2013). Disaster planning also benefits the organization through fewer disruptions. Because of improved technology, the IT systems are more stable than in the past. When one make changes to the system architecture so as to meet the recovery objectives, the events that used to cause outage do not do so anymore. Disaster planning also offers a competitive advantage because having good disaster recovery plan provides the organization with bragging rights that cab outshines the competitors. Disaster recovery plan tends to allow the organization to claim higher reliability and availability of services.

During disaster planning, it is significant that one should define the strategy to follow when employing the required softness to ensure the principles of detection, prevention, and response to the disaster. Such a strategy tends to define the activities that people will participate in when a disaster occurs, and it has a plan for explaining how to conduct the activities. It is essential for the organization to set the priorities of the processes and operations that they should perform. A disaster recovery plan is essential for the company as it contains the action that will help reduce the impact of the disaster and enable the organization to resumes its operation as fast as possible (Schin, 2014). It is an important aspect of the organization because it helps the organization save a lot of costs that it would incur if it never had a disaster recovery plan.

Importance of integrating backups and disaster planning
Database recovery is an essential aspect of disaster recovery. The purpose of the database backup is so as to safeguard the data in the case that a disruptive event occurs. The disaster planning aims at safeguarding the data and also the physical devices. It is important to integrate database backups and disaster planning as they work as complementary to each other when both of them are not properly implemented. Integrating database backup and disaster planning are important as backup database help in deciding the data to keep a backup for, and disaster planning helps in selecting the suitable backup plan for the physical storage of the data (Schin, 2014). Disaster planning is important as it helps to pinpoint the likely areas for problems. During planning, one need to assign tasks to different people so that everyone can know what is expected of them. Then again, backing up data and storing the copy off site may help to ensure that if a disaster strikes, one can move on without a lot of disruption.

It is important to execute database backup and disaster planning effectively. Failure of effectively executing them can result in a lot of loss to the organization. Without good backup and disaster planning, the organization can lose essential data and even customer data that can be of negative impact on the company (Mullins, 2012). When the two are not properly integrated, it can cause confusion to workers in the organization when an event of disaster happens as employees will not understand what to do in such a situation. Therefore, the damage can be much when the plan and backup are not properly executed.

Definition of Leadership
Leadership is the process by which individuals can guide, direct and influence other’s behaviors towards the accomplishment of set goals. It is the ability to influence others towards the realization of a goal. A leader plays various roles to induce follower to take their roles with confidence and zeal including developing future visions and motivating to attain the visions. Leadership denotes the number of qualities to be present in an individual. Leadership is situation bound, and there is no best style of leadership (Nahavandi, 2016). There is a difference between the concept of leadership and the concept of management. Managers are fundamentally focused on directing people and allocating resources to accomplish tasks (Grohar et al., 2016). Managers employ strong administrative abilities, given that much of their role involves providing instructions to subordinates and reporting results to superiors. Leaders can be managers.

Personal Skills/Weaknesses

Strengths
As a leader, my greatest strength lies in being Open-minded. I keep my mind open while being flexible. This enables me to adjust when necessary. I am also committed to investing, developing and maintaining great relationships. I consider myself a decisive person. The rapid pace of processes and increasing time pressures necessitates dealing with the speed amidst the complexity. I tend to make sound, justifiable decisions in a timely manner, particularly in times of uncertainty and crisis. I am also inspirational. People say I am self-driven and fueled by my beliefs as well as an internal drive and passion. I am a persistent individual. I believe that persistence beats resistance. Some things take the time to accomplish. To achieve them, there is a need for persistent. As a result, I am always willing to go beyond where others stop. I am also a good communicator. I easily make people aware of my expectations, thoughts, and ideas.

Weakness
I have various weaknesses. The first weakness lies in my tendency to be a perfect. I get things done right. However, this leads to attrition and burnout. As a result, it may diminish potential returns over time. I realize the importance of being more accommodating and accepting of small failures, letting go and delegating, allowing for diversity of action and thought and understanding that good enough is often good enough. The second weakness is that I am Over-optimism about strategies and people. The tendency has negative impacts as I may hang on to lower-performing individuals and strategies for too long. As a leader, there is need to recognize the grace in realism so as to see things accurately as they are versus how they should be.

Description of Leadership Experience
One of the most memorable leadership experiences was a picnic trip in summer 2016. The event took place on the month of August. Throughout the trip to Andover City Park in Kansas, I played the role of a leader. My role was to lead my group of 15 members. As the recreation trip leader, I was responsible for planning, leading, instruction and facilitating activities. Safety, as it pertains to the picnic, the skill level of students, and location that the trip was of main concern. I comfortably managed a diverse group of people during the outdoor setting and made decisions for the good of the group. In addition to leading the group, I assisted patrons with their outdoor adventure equipment needs including training, fitting and educating students about the outdoor adventure kits. I was expected to correctly operate cash and reconciliation procedures and engage students in a supportive and friendly demeanor. As the leader, I felt proud that students recognized my leadership skills.

Leadership Skills Used
Communication

The activity required the leader to use a number of skills. Communication skill was the most commonly used throughout the activity. As a leader, it is necessary to be able to clearly and succinctly express expectations to your followers. As a leader, it is important to master all forms of communication through all available means. A large part of communication involved listening. The first step was to establish a steady flow of information between team members through regular conversations with team members.

Motivation
As a leader, I inspired my team members to go the extra mile for the purpose of achieving our objectives. I motivated my teammates through different ways. These include building their self-esteem and giving them responsibilities to increase their participation in the activity.

Strategic thinking
This was perhaps the most critical skill I utilized. Application of this skills involved having an objective of what was expected and influencing team members to achieve that objective. It could not be possible to achieve objectives without communication, optimism, crisis management and effective solving of conflicts between team members. It is clear that working in a team may prove difficult than working as an individual. This is particularly so when team members have conflicting goals, fail to share information and lose themselves in an unproductive argument. Critical thinking helped create a sense of urgency also contributed to the effectiveness of the team. I was able to propel team members to get busy and carryout the activity at the desired pace.

Summary
Leaders focus on influencing others. Unlike managers, followers follow leaders due to their personality and their beliefs. As a leader, my greatest strength lies in being Open-minded, persistent, commitment to investing, developing and maintaining great relationships. I have various weaknesses including perfectionism and Over-optimism. My leadership experience was a picnic trip in summer 2016. As the recreation trip leader, I was responsible for planning, leading, instruction and facilitating activities. Skills used include Communication, Motivation and critical thinking.